Major Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major Theorists - Essay Example This pool of guilt and pain is where creativity, which is closely related to neurosis, comes from. Creativity is thus motivated by the need to express some of this guilt and pain in a more physical or outward arena as well as the means by which it is expressed. B.F. Skinner is one of the most well-known behaviorists, who believed that people were a product of the environment in which they were raised. Skinner suggested this occurred through operant conditioning as people were rewarded for approved behavior and punished for undesirable behavior. Rewards are thus seen as a means of strengthening behavior, even undesired behavior, while the failure to reward weakens these behaviors. In some situations, punishment can be interpreted as reward, such as when the ignored child receives attention through punishment for bad behavior. Creativity is thus seen as a mere product of the environment working on the individual who possesses latent creative talent. If the environment does not reward creativity, the child will be less likely to engage in it. It is important for the child to have an adult model that demonstrates creative behavior before the child can envision this as a likely activity for them. This is because they see the rewards for the cre ative adult as well as receive rewards from this adult as they engage in their own creative efforts. Humanism rejected the ideas of psychoanalytic theory of personality and creativity as a biological process and the ideas of behaviorism theory of personality and creativity as an environmental process and instead preferred to view creativity as a process in itself that provided individuals with the ability to discover their inner selves. In other words, creativity was an act of self-actualization. The main theorists of humanism are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Maslow defined self-actualization as the tendency to realize our own potential based on our

The City of Miami of Florida Essay Example for Free

The City of Miami of Florida Essay Miami is considered the largest city in the state of Florida. Many tourist articles describe this city as a unique city of contrasts, contradictions, and extremes. Currently, the city of Miami is home for many celebrities, entertainers, athletes, retired families and upcoming tourist and immigrants who migrated to this tourist center of a city. Unfortunately, the city also has a negative side; Miami Florida has served as a refuge for the famous and infamous, including gangsters during Prohibition, serial killers, deposed Latin American dictators, sheiks, rock stars, artists, writers, athletes, and just about anyone starting over. As political conditions in the Western Hemisphere fluctuate, Miami continues to be a destination for waves of refugees (Miami, 1998). According to the Encyclopedia or Urban America (1998), Miami currently has the largest percentage of foreign-born residents of any metropolitan area in the United States. With over half its population of Hispanic origin and more than one-fifth black, many from the Caribbean, Miami is multiculturalism. Immigrants, who choose to migrate in the city of Miami, are presented with the opportunity and the lifestyle of starting from the very bottom of the financial and social pyramid, work hard, and abide by the laws and regulations with the expectations of success and benefiting their families. The Cubans, Nicaraguan, and Haitian are working hard to gain one common goal, success, and climbing their current financial status. The American dream is more than just alive in the minds of the immigrants who migrate to this preferred destination. The city of Miami is also known as Magic city, known for the diverse and ethnic culture in South Florida. The City of Miami is also the home for the Miami heat basketball team and the Miami Dolphins football team. The City of Miami has been the vacation hotspot for college spring vacations and family vacations for the social life offered in the City. According to the Census of 2000, Miami’s population is made up of 362,470 and by the end of 2011; the population is expected to increase to 390,191 individuals. The Census of 2000 also illustrates that the city of Miami has a sixty percent Hispanic population, a twenty-three percent of African American population and only a twelve percent of Caucasian population. Individuals between the ages of twenty to forty-four make up more than thirty-nine percent of the population, followed by people who are between the ages of sixty to seventy four, which makes up about twenty percent of the city’s population. Unemployment rate is as low as ten percent (Miami Government, 2011). Population of Miami (Florida) Miami is the State of Florida’s largest city as well as the largest city in Miami-Dade County. Dating back to the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the City of Miami had an influx of Cuban immigrants and over the years developed into a major city and became a cosmopolitan. Many immigrants fled countries that had a crumbling economy or imposed political sanctions or persecution. Along with immigrants, Miami has a large population of retirees from the North and Midwest. The large migration to Miami brought other changes, resulting in Miami having the image of an international city making it a gateway to Latin America. Miami has experienced major population shifts throughout its history. Over time, more people have migrated from rural to urban regions of Florida in search of a change in lifestyle, economic pursuits, and social structure. Miami’s population shift as the upper as well as middle classes matriculates outward from the city centers with the poorer citizens being left behind within the inner city, often living near enclaves of the very rich. This matriculation causes the suburbs to expand and combine with the suburbs of nearby metropolitan areas to form a megalopolis, or a vast regional city in which many metropolises merge. Only Texas and California have as many urban centers separated by miles of terrain. Urban centers grow to a certain level, after which economic improvement allows many citizens to move away from city centers not to rural areas but to new suburban developments. The issues faced by the City of Miami are no different from those of other American cities. Miami too experience an increase in crime to overcrowding, from deteriorating race relations to deteriorating urban services and a reduced tax base. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the total population of Miami is 399, 457. The two largest racial make-up of the population is 72% Caucasian and 70% Hispanic with 19.2% of the population being comprised of Afro-Americans.† For years, Florida has suffered the highest crime rate of any state and the highest rate of violent crime per capita with Miami being the epee-center. Compared to many other cities, Miami is relatively less wealthy and has a high volume of poverty stricken areas. A contributing factor to high crime rates and areas is poverty. These areas such as Liberty City or the Pork and Beans Housing Projects are areas with more impoverished residents and are likely to see more frequent violence and drug crimes, in particular. As the economy continues to take a downward spiral it is likely that the Miami police department will post increases in their crime statistics in these areas. Crime rates tend to increase with the increase of job loss. Families are struggling with the lack of disposable income, and a weak job market offering little opportunity, some people may turn to criminal activity. The current unemployment rate in the City of Miami is 11.5. The living wage for Miami-Dade County is $11.36 per hour with health benefits, or $13.01 per hour if health benefits are not provided. Tourism is a major industry for Miami, and many visitors never see the â€Å"under-belly† of Miami because of the citys highway system, allowing political leaders to ignore the poorer-high crime areas while catering to these visitors. All this means its violent crime problem is unlikely to abate soon. The total crimes for the population are about one and a half times the national average for all crimes. In reality; however, violent crime in Miami has increased and contributing to this problem is Miamis growing population. The city has a mixed racial makeup with a large black and Latin population. At the same time, Miami also may be the nations capital of multiculturalism of the very sort sought by other American cities as the population changes. Many American cities have encountered increasing problems along with growth. Poor high crime areas in Miami cannot develop the necessary tax base to pay for better schools to education the next generation so it will not have to live in poverty. Miami is considered to be more dangerous than many other city of size. New Orleans is considered the most dangerous of all, followed by Camden, New Jersey. In 2008 the City of Miami Gardens was ranked as the thirteenth most dangerous city with a population in excess of 75,000 out of all cities in Florida. The expansion of the prison system by an additional 1,865 beds will be needed to handle the influx over the next five years. Official projections; however, suggest the number of beds that will be needed is far from adequate. When individuals violate the laws of the land, they are housed in a facility ran by the Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department. The county jail is comprised of five correctional facilities: the Pre-Trial Detention Center, Womens Detention Center, Turner Guilford Knight Correctional Center, Training and Treatment Center, and the Metro West Detention Center. These facilities hold on average 7,000 inmates, who are awaiting trial or are serving sentences of 364 days or less. Currently Miami-Dade County Jail houses about 6, 224 inmates. Of these 6, 224 inmates, 3, 412 are Afro-American; 1,700 are Hispanic with 2, 808 Whites being incarcerated. The department has a Boot Camp Program for youthful offenders, a Work Release Center and a medical unit at Jackson Memorial Hospital. The space problem also plagues the juvenile system, in which a shortage of beds forced authorities to put young offenders back on the street to await space in a juvenile facility. While waiting, it is not surprising that these young offenders commit more crimes. Public Attitude High crime rate has plagued the city of Miami, â€Å"Florida† for decades. Even though including all crimes, the crime rate for the total population is about one and a half times the nation average. These crimes include high statistics in murders, robberies, and aggravated assaults. Miami experience approximately 20 murders per 100,000 people compared to the national average of just seven. Miami experienced 537 robberies per 100,000 residents, more than twice the national average of 206. Aggravated assaults are 927 per 100,000 people nearly three times the national average of 337. The city of Miami is also less wealthy than others, and poverty is a major contributing factor for high crime rates. Residents living in impoverished areas are likely to experience more violent and drug crimes than others. Citizens believe that with the economic downturn in full force, they will see an increase in crime statistics in the upcoming years because as unemployment rises, so does the crime rates. Families face less money to spend and without work or money to occupy some people, they often turn to criminal activity. Many residents believe that the lack of Fortune 500 companies is the main obstacle facing Miami’s growth and evolution to a top-tier city. They think that the continued development of the downtown and Brickell area, expansions of the airport, and the addition of the new baseball stadium will make the city more attractive. Citizens believe Miami has the potentials of Hong Kong, but the problem with the city is its lack of honest government, not with crooks, and criminals. They understand that they must learn to vote for what is best for their community, not the ghetto, not Cuba, not Venezuela, areas the majority of citizens migrate from. Intelligent, educated people are leaving in masses going to other states is another problem because it will not help attract Fortune 500 companies. Citizens believe that until all these issues are addressed and resolved, Miami will continue to move in the wrong direction, just a party city with no jobs (Paez, nd) Change of location All big cities have downtowns as an important of their central point of their city however, unlike Miami, Fl not many cities have as much to do like Downtown Miami does (Castelo-Blanco, 2010). Miami’s violent crime rate is the highest in the country, considering they have high indecencies of robbery, and assault. Thankfully in terms of other cities their murder rate is relatively low. Miami, like many cities property values fluctuate all, depending on the crime around the area. Home prices around the Miami areas is range from Coral Gables of 210K – 250K, it appears that the most crime in Miami does occur in the North Miami Beach area. The home values in that area range from 43K – 72K, while in other areas such as South Beach homes range from the 750K Millions. Although Miami is a beautiful place to visit and stay for some time police reports suggest that they travel with a contingent of large people and stay in areas where it is highly lit and populated such as downtown, Miami. The crime rate in Miami has caused much separation in the difference and quality of living for people in Miami, as one travels down the Dolphin Expressway, people can notice a culture change in which areas are not in shabby condition by illegal activities. One of the unique tools the Miami-Dade police department allows residents to do is use the crime mapping program that helps empower the community by putting valuable public safety information at the community’s fingertips. The Miami-Dade shows they there were 140 crimes between March 22nd, 2011, and March 28th, 2011. The Hollywood police department 139 from March 27th, 2011 through April 2nd, 2011, and the Plantation police department had 53 crimes between March 27th, 2011 and April 2nd, 2011 all ranging from theft, assault, and illegal drug activity. This program shows clearly that home prices and transportation levels change as people choose to live away from the city center. Miami downtown is the party center and where the night life lives however it is so close to higher crime areas that people choose to live in areas such as Miami Beach, South Beach, where homes cost 10 times more than areas in North Miami Beach. Hotspots As mentioned Miami Florida is known as a beautiful vacation spot. Many tourists come to Miami to vacation because of the lovely atmosphere of Downtown Miami and South Beach. Miami is also known as a celebrity hotspot many celebrities are known to have condos along South Beach or either own a home on Star Island. Although Miami is known to be a beautiful vacation area unfortunately just as many other cities it has its hotspots for criminal activity. In Miami there are quite a few hotspots, which consist of major criminal activity such as robbery, assaults, murder, and mainly the possession of illegal drugs. These hotspot areas are Overtown, Little Haiti, Opa Locka, and Liberty City. In Miami there is a program called Weed and Seed, which initiatives when begun, was to focus on the drug sales and prostitution that ran rampant through the criminal hotspot areas mainly in Little Haiti and Liberty City. Recent news that has occurred in the hotspot areas of Miami, FL, is the killing of seven African American men. Research states, â€Å"Over a seven-month period between July 2010 and February 2011, Miami police — mostly officers on specialized task forces — shot and killed seven men, at least two of whom were unarmed. The succession of shootings, which came after a few years of relative calm, awoke old tensions in the Overtown, Little Haiti, and Liberty City neighborhoods, and caused a political firestorm at City Hall (Miami Herald, 2011). These three areas mentioned are known for their criminal activity however the slaying of seven African American men over a seven-month period has made members of the community and family members of the deceased outraged. The people of the community are looking to have the Chief of the City of Miami Police Department removed because they feel as though City of Miami Police Chief Miguel Exposito is doing little to nothing about the situation or the officers involved with the shootings. This only leads people to believe that the crime rates in the hotspot areas may increase because the members of the community are furious with the police departments. Conclusion In 2010, there were a total of 31,000 crimes where 6,000 were violent crimes and more than 24,000 crimes were property crimes. With a crime rate of 86 per one thousand residents, Miami has one of the highest crime rates in America compared to all communities. Because the city of Miami is considered a tourist city with all the visitors as well as the diverse individual all fighting for obtaining the American Dream; many people commit crimes to climb the social and financial ladder faster. Many people must start at the bottom to arrive at the top is frustrating to many causing them to commit crimes. References Miami, Florida. (1998). In Encyclopedia of Urban America: The Cities and Suburbs. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/abcurban/miami_florida. Miami Government. (2011). About the City Of Miami. Retrieved from http://www.miamigov.com/press/pressreleases/miami/AbouttheCity.asp. Miami Herald. (2011). Families of men shot dead by Miami police get their say. Retrieved from http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/03/23/2130756/families-of-men-shot-by-miami.html Paez, Adolfo L., Ed., Miami: Public Attitudes about Crime. A National Crime Survey Report. Institution: Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, Md. Roman, C. G., Cahill, M., Coggeshall, M. (2005). The Weed and Seed Initiative and Crime Displacement in South Florida: 5-6. Retrieved from http://www.statenet.com/welfare/flborland.html. Retrieved from www.miamidade.gov/corrections/facilities.asp Retrieved from http://www.floridahistory.org Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Miami, _Florida

stars :: essays research papers

Login sessions expire for two reasons. For your security, your Yahoo! Mail session expires a maximum of eight hours after you have logged in. If you have chosen in your Yahoo! User Information to be prompted for a password more frequently than every eight hours, your session will expire after the specified amount of time. If you do not accept the cookies set on login or your computer is not configured to accept cookies, your session will expire almost immediately. We use cookies (small pieces of site information) to assist us in user authentication and in saving configuration information. Cookies are required for Yahoo! Mail. If you see this message immediately after logging in, you should check the following: Check to see that your computer system time is accurate. Cookies are time sensitive and may not work if your computer date is incorrect by a large amount. Make sure that your browser is configured to accept cookies or that you agree to accept cookies during the login process. Turn off any third party programs or control panels that automatically reject cookies. Login sessions expire for two reasons. For your security, your Yahoo! Mail session expires a maximum of eight hours after you have logged in. If you have chosen in your Yahoo! User Information to be prompted for a password more frequently than every eight hours, your session will expire after the specified amount of time. If you do not accept the cookies set on login or your computer is not configured to accept cookies, your session will expire almost immediately. We use cookies (small pieces of site information) to assist us in user authentication and in saving configuration information. Cookies are required for Yahoo! Mail. If you see this message immediately after logging in, you should check the following:

Changing Use Of Language :: essays research papers

I chose to find the entomology of a word that most people can usually not go through a day without using at least once, computer. With the explosion of the personal computer in the last ten years, most households in America own at least one. However, the meaning of the word "computer" has changed in the last century. The word itself is found in text as far back as 1646 when Sir T. Brown said, "The calendars of these computers." The use of "computer" in this sense, as defined by the OED, is one who computes; a calculator, reckoner; a person employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc.Then, around 1897, the use of "computer" began to change. In the January 22 edition of Engineering, this usage appeared: "This was... a computer made by Mr. W. Cox. He described it as of the nature of a circular slide rule." This usage began the change of the definition. In the supplement to the OED, "computer" is now defined as a calculating machine; an automatic electronic device for performing mathematical or logical operation.The word "computer" stems from the verb "compute" which came from the French comput-r and the Latin computa-re. It was formed by adding com - together and putare - to clear up, settle, reckon. Together, "compute" means to estimate or determine by arithmetical or mathematical reckoning; to calculate, reckon, count. Then from the word "compute", the suffix "er" was added giving us the definitions we have for computer today.2) In an effort to further understand language, the field of psycholinguistics formed to study the psychological side of language. Language has many different functions such as communication, expressing emotion, explaining ideas, to create relationships, and recording ideas. Without the use of language, it would be nearly impossible to explain the history of anything. Language allows for the communication that is necessary for survival. It is not only humans who benefit from language either. Bees use a complex system of a dance and buzz to show the hive where to find food, and birds use different chirps to communicate.One psycholinguistic, Hockett, said that all languages have some aspects that are the same at some level which he called Linguistic Universals. One aspect of Linguistic Universals is the broadcast transmission, which says that language is public and that anyone around the message will pick it up. Another aspect of language is that it is rapid fading, or if you don't get it right away, you won't get it at all.

Muralism and the Cosmic Affect

03/17/13 Muralism and The Cosmic Race In the Cosmic Race written by Jose Vasconcelo, Vasconcelo writes about the definition of Latin American people and their divine mission in America, while also briefly comparing them to other races such as the Europeans. Vasconcelo states that there are 4 racial trunks, the Blacks, the Indians, the Mongols, and the Whites, while expanding detail with the Whites who he described as organizing themselves in Europe, and becoming invaders of the rest of the world.Vasconcelo gives an example as the Spaniards conquered Latin American, however he believes that their role was just to reintegrate the red world, which he describes as a bridge which has brought the world to a state at which all human types and cultures can fuse together. According to Vasconcelo the faithful Latin-people are those called upon to this divine mission after they have gained freedom. It is safe to say Vasconcelo easily inspired and influenced several aspects of Diego Riveraâ€⠄¢s artwork.While Mexico was under similar circumstances after the Mexican Revolution as Latin America, Deigo Rivera used some of Jose Vasconcelo’s ideas to impart social and political messages. In Diego Rivera’s â€Å"El Hombre en Cruco de Caminos† located in Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City, one can see a man who appears to be in control of the Universe with a variety of people in the backgrounds. At one point Vasconcelo states that every ascending race needs to constitute its own philosophy to get to its own success, rather than just learn and copy from the others.This idea is expressed in Rivera’s Mural by the man in the middle who is controlling what seems to be the entire universe. It seems that both of these men understood the ideathat it was time to control themselves. Although Diego was focused on the â€Å"spiritual† liberation of Mexico from its Colonial obsession, the idea of creating and controlling your own ideology and destiny is shared by Rivera’s painting and Vasconcelo’s, The Cosmic Race.

thirty years war Essay

thirty years war Essay thirty years war Essay Why did the Thirty-Years War start in the Czech Lands? Background: The Peace of Augsburg Not stabilized the religious structure of Germany Failure to recognize Calvinists, the ecclesiastical reservation The Bohemian Crisis Two-thirds of the population of Bohemia was Protestant and a mere one-tenth Roman Catholic Letter of Majesty of July 1609 Freedom of conscience for all Bohemian subjects Liberty of worship for the nobles and those towns which belonged to the crown Control of ecclesiastical organization within the kingdom to rest with the Estates Matthias, later became the emperor, confirmed the Letter of Majesty and was crowned king of Bohemia In 1617 the Archduke Ferdinand of Styria, a hard-line Catholic, had been designated heir to the thrones of Bohemia and Hungary Initially Ferdinand consented that he guaranteed the Letter of Majesty Of the ten Deputies Ferdinand appointed to rule Bohemia, only three were Protestant Later, Ferdinand asserted two new Protestant churches at Klostergrab and Brunau were illegal in the sense of being on royal land The Defenestration of Prague In May 1618, the Protestant nobles decided to confront the Deputies in person. They singled out two Catholic regents, Jaroslav Vorstia von Martinitz and Wilhelm Slawata in Prague Castleln, accused them of plotting to subvert Bohemian religious liberty, and then threw them and a secretary out of a window . The rebellion grew as the Bohemian estates, controlled by Hussites and Protestants, formed a provisional government They began canvassing Protestant Europe for allies and initiated a program of repression against Catholicism The conflict moved toward war, after the death of Emperor Matthias in May 1619 and the Imperial and Bohemian succession of Crown Prince Ferdinand as Emperor Ferdinand II The

Greater Access to the Internet Has Enabled Buyers to Search More Easily for Information About Potential Suppliers of Goods and Services. This Has Significantly Affected Many Industries, Such as Insurance, Banking, Essays

Greater Access to the Internet Has Enabled Buyers to Search More Easily for Information About Potential Suppliers of Goods and Services. This Has Significantly Affected Many Industries, Such as Insurance, Banking, Essays Greater Access to the Internet Has Enabled Buyers to Search More Easily for Information About Potential Suppliers of Goods and Services. This Has Significantly Affected Many Industries, Such as Insurance, Banking, Essay Greater Access to the Internet Has Enabled Buyers to Search More Easily for Information About Potential Suppliers of Goods and Services. This Has Significantly Affected Many Industries, Such as Insurance, Banking, Essay Greater access to the internet has enabled buyers to search more easily for information about potential suppliers of goods and services. This has significantly affected many industries, such as insurance, banking, retailing and travel. To what extent do you think that increased internet usage inevitably reduces producers’ profits? Justify your answer with reference to organizations and/or industries that you know. Over the past decade, Shopping on the internet has skyrocketed with internet sales reaching almost ? 0 billion in 2012, which accounts to almost 10% of total sales in the UK. This is due to the increased possession of Internet devices such as: smartphones, laptops and computers. It has become much easier and simpler for consumers to buy products online using these devices. Increased internet security has also increased demand for online shopping due to customers being confident in undergoing an online transaction. Another advantage of selling items on the internet is that it gives you the opportunity to advertise your or another companies products. Over 80% of the British population uses the internet regularly which opens up a massive market for advertising and for companies to show their products to users of the internet. However, results in increased internet usage have resulted in the decreased need for physical advertising such as: books, magazines and newspapers which have begun to prove more ineffective in advertising products. For example, a double paged spread in a popular newspaper can exceed costs of ? 10,000 while costs of advertising on a high traffic website may only cost ? 200 a month. Jessops has recently entered administration and is a perfect example as to how increased internet usage can reduce profits for some firms. Its target market was camera lovers, which prints out photos, sells cameras and a large number of accessories. Despite being an online retailer, Jessops failed to compete with the low prices of Amazon, Curry’s and other online competitors. The internet has an endless supply of products such as cameras at a very competitive price. Some products would not be sold in Jessops but would be sold online resulting in losses of potential revenue for Jessops. : Another market which has slowly died is the demand for printing of photos, due to social media websites such as Twitter and Facebook people don’t need to share their photos in a physical format and are capable of simply sending the picture via these social websites. In this case of selling products it was a massive drawback for Jessops but turned out to be an advantage for competitors such as Amazon. The increased number of internet users leads to benefits for Amazon who thrive off increased internet usage due to consumers finding it a cheaper alternative to Jessops. The internet can also be a good source of primary market research which enables firms such as Amazon to analyze prices of different websites. This would give the opportunity for Amazon to perhaps reduce prices or introduce offers which would help them sell more products. I believe it is entirely up to the company, this kind of competition would perhaps not effect Amazon due to their size in the market and their reliability where customers instantly visit Amazon knowing they will be given a fair price and receive their purchased item quickly. However, it did affect Jessops who failed to respond to demand and lower prices resulting in there imminent administration. I don’t believe that the increased usage of the internet reduces profits as some firms can be incredibly profitable off of this. With the current state of the economy, people who are in need of high quality clothing have tended to move further away from worldwide brands such as: Gucci, DG and Louis Vuitton and have moved closer to the retail shop Zara. Zara has blossomed over the past few years, both online and in the high street due to increased internet usage and there quick response to demand. It is primarily down to the type of business and the level of competitiveness they possess. A large number of fashion companies are not focused on their usage of the internet and rely on customers purchasing these products physically from their shop which can be a major drawback in their market as they can’t expand their popularity to the larger target market found online. From the examples supplied I do not believe the increased usage of the internet will reduce producers’ profits as it will be down to the nature of the product and other related reasons. Reaction to change online will affect the companies chances of success in the current economic climate however. The internet can provide an endless number of benefits for companies such as: easy shopping, safe transactions and more straightforward searches. The internet has proven to be more successful for companies such as Zara having a massive profit increase of 43% simply after the re-designing of their websiote making it simpler for the inline internet shopper. Although a company like Zara could earn an incredible amount from online sales this leads to high street stores failing due to the loss in numbers of customers.

George Washington Essays (142 words) - Smallpox Survivors

George Washington Essays (142 words) - Smallpox Survivors George Washington George Washington was one of the best leaders to ever live on this Earth. We all know that he was the first president and that tells us right away he was great. As a Virginian from Pope's Creek, Washington was responsible for many things, including keeping us out of war. Washington was not a man for fighting, but when he had to, he got the job done. His technique was to wear out his enemies and get them when they were tired. No matter how big the rival's army was, Washington never gave up. The day of December fourteenth, seventeen-ninety-nine, was the day he lost his first war to laryngitis. His last words, which were "tis well," will always be remembered. There will never be another hero like him to ever live. By: Tom Maltese

Proposal Arguement Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arguement - Research Proposal Example It is imperative that this problem is dealt with and addressed with the urgency it deserves. We should, therefore, emphasize educating our youth especially teenagers and use them as missionaries to educate the entire community across Florida. This will extend to the rest of America and the world as a whole about the alarming effects of this problem. Due to the lapse of nutritional sense in America, I have taken it as my agenda to champion teaching of nutrition classes among teens in Florida. This is so that we can have a breeding ground where we can get personnel who can tackle this problem in the near future in Florida and across the globe. This will in a great way help get rid our region certain self-inflicting diseases and turn better the health of our future. With this, many people taking poor diets, one has to really ask: who is actually paying attention to what is going on persons taking poor nutritional diets? Currently the negative impacts on health have been predominantly ca used by poor nutrition. As a result, the latest statistics are above board and stress further the need for the urgent remedy through teen education. For instance, it has been noted that 11% of high school students suffer from nutritional disorders, and 30% is the percentage of persons who die because of disabilities. It has also been noted that 33% of persons losing their lives due to cancer all trace their way back to poor nutrition. The teenagers that we endeavor to empower have also been revealed by statistics to have very serious problems. This is especially young women whereby 90% of those who suffer from nutritional disorders who are within the range of 12-25 years are actually women. The numbers of child deaths, which are cancer related are about 50% (Caroldo 58). On the other hand, it is very vital to note that, despite the effects of malnutrition affecting a higher number of youths, it has also has been shown to cause low birth weight coupled with increased morbidity and mo rtality, as well as cases of dental carries among children. Among other various disorders that have been attributed to poor nutritional habits are disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperinsolinemia, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and certain types of cancer (Mudry 73). I want to draw my attention to the case of overweight and obesity to illustrate how grave the situation is. Statistics have indicated that more than one billion adults worldwide are overweight with more than three billion clinically obese. The pandemic of being overweight, as well as obesity impacts by not only reducing quality of life and gigantic healthcare related expenses, but also an augmented risk of death. Trend analysis, in connection to obesity, has shown that a huge section of the populace is not as active as they ought to be. Furthermore, they are still simultaneously eating more than they should (Musser 18). The question here is whether these people informed on the importance of good nutritio nal habits. Although it has been indicated that poverty has taken its role as a precursor to poor feeding habits, ignorance remains the major challenge among the people of Florida. This is because many persons with the ability of proper access to food still suffer from nutritional related disorders (Williams 92). People in our State have been ignorant about nutritional issues

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 32

Assignment Example With this concern, the assignment intends to establish certain methods by which Chile has been able to perform unilateral trade liberations successfully to the full elimination of quantitative restrictions and exchange controls. Trade liberalization of Chile could be classified under five stages of development process. Generally, unilateral trade liberalization technique involves the risk sharing mechanism. By deducting the interest of domestic political affairs, the unilateral trade relaxation may get blocked. The unilateral tariff cutback by a certain degree gets rid of this incompetence, but at certain situations, the factor concerning trade liberalization becomes more effective in the nation (Edwards and Lederman, 1998). Trade liberalization is duly considered to be one of the significant topics from the preceding two decades as a form of economic policy for the developing countries. It is worth mentioning in this regard that public-private partnership has played a pivotal role in framing the emerging economy for Chile. The reduction of tariff towards the import of goods aided the private enterprises of the nation to grow extensively. In the past, executing free trade agreement has always been a subject of conflict for the agricultural sector. Agricultural product has been the issue of dynamic export arena accounting for fifteen percent of total exports. The main contrast appears from the traditional inward thoughts of the people (Saez, 2005). The first stage ranged from the period of 1974-1978 and thus categorized by the reduction and the simplification of trade barriers. The second stage could be identified from 1978-1982, which reflected the picture of variation of its stabilization program. The third phase may be stated as the reversal stage that ranged from 1983-1985. It was the phase where Chile confronted severe

ASSIGNMENT 2 CRIMINOLOGY REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

ASSIGNMENT 2 CRIMINOLOGY REPORT - Essay Example 22). Since then, crime rates have been lessened in England and Wales. According to the Crime in England and Wales 2003/2004 annual report, violent crimes comprised 23% of all BCS crimes and 19% of police-recorded crime (Dodd et al, 2004, p. 11). The British Crime Survey (BCS) estimated 2,708,000 violent incidents occurred against adults in England and Wales (Dodd et al 2004, p. 67), which, overall, is a decrease of 36% in crime since 1995 (p. 67). However, in 2004 BCS report also noted that violent crime has stabilized (p. 67)). The police recorded 1,109,017 violent incidents, which is a 12% increase since 2002/2003, partly attributed to the implementation of the NCRS (p. 67), increases in the reporting of crime by the general public, increases in police activity, and improvements in recording crime (p. 69) For more than a quarter of a century, from 1969 to 1996, burglary and theft accounted consistently for about half of all recordable offences in England and Wales. The peak was reached in 1992 when they made up 52 percent of recorded crime. By 2004-5 the four types of theft accounted collectively 30% of all crime, according to British Crime Survey report (Home Office 2007). During the time period under study, there was a steady increase in robberies with two peaks followed by sharp declines occurring in 1996 and 2001-02, the latter of which may be partly attributed to the implantation of the NCRS. Ninety percent of the robberies were of personal property, while the balance was robberies of businesses (Dodd et al., 2004, p. 79). The BCS also recorded increases in the robbery rates between 1981 and its 2003-04 interviews, with a peak in 1999. Following this peak, rates declined significantly (-32%). In the Crime in England and Wales 2003-04 report, the conclusion was that for this time period, robbery numbers were too low to provide reliable estimates, although

Educational Organization Evaluation Process Research Paper

Educational Organization Evaluation Process - Research Paper Example Evaluation should be considered as an important part of the development process for an educational organization. Primarily, educational institutions use evaluation data to exhibit effectiveness and secondly, to present performance measure, which would be a very good marketing tool. Such evaluation is a specialized activity that educators must undertake in order to assess and develop the learning experience that they are offering (Stronge & Helm, 1990). An outline is presented showing the required processes for the educational organization evaluation. The process provides guidelines for designing, implementing, assessing and improving the identified form of evaluation. Each of the steps aims to promote evaluations that are proper, useful, feasible, and accurate. The following steps could be undertaken in order to evaluate and analyze the Educational organization (Stufflebeam, 1999). The process could also be used to research and assess the effectiveness of the educational system which is used in an educational institution vital in the formulation of educational policies geared towards the realization of an empowered and globally competitive citizen. Goals for undertaking the evaluation should be clearly defined because these goals will significantly impact the shape of the organization’s efforts. Before the purpose could be fully identified, it is important to use information that is already available. Valuable information of a student can be obtained from the student’s classroom teacher, the cumulative file, and the parent regarding the learning problem.

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Astronomy - Essay Example 1 D. Advanced Computer methodologies are there which embed the light into arbitrary colors that are perceptible. The Hubble Space Telescope is intelligent to determine wavelengths starting from 0.1150 to 2 micrometers other than visible region. 2 A. Ions are charged particles whereas atoms are neutral. When an atom looses or gains an electron it is said to be ion. For example sodium metal in neutral state is composed of atoms where as sodium in sodium chloride is ion. 2 C. Hot objects release more of their light at short wavelengths. This is because of the reason that hot bodies have blue intensity peaks and thus the wavelength for blue color is relatively smaller whilst the cooler objects have red intensity peaks means their wavelength is relatively longer due to the color of the peak. 2 D. The spectrum produced from white light comprises of all colors is termed as a continuous spectrum. Continuous spectra are formed by all radiant solids, liquids and gases under high pressure. A gas at low pressure does not make a continuous spectrum but forms a line spectrum explicated as individual lines at definite frequencies of the gas. If the gas is manipulated luminescent by warmth or an electric discharge, the consequential spectrum is a bright-line, or emission, spectrum, consisting of a series of bright lines against a dark background. A dark-line, or absorption spectrum is the reciprocal of a bright-line spectrum; it is formed when white light comprising all frequencies transcends through a gas not hot sufficient to be radiant. 3. In astronomy, spectral classification is a classification of stars founded on their spectral distinctiveness. The spectral classification arrived at a specified class of a star explicating the radicalization of its chromospheres, what atomic excitations are mainly well-known in the light, providing a purposeful determination of the temperature in chromospheres. Light from a specific star is assessed by breaking it up

Educational Organization Evaluation Process Research Paper

Educational Organization Evaluation Process - Research Paper Example Evaluation should be considered as an important part of the development process for an educational organization. Primarily, educational institutions use evaluation data to exhibit effectiveness and secondly, to present performance measure, which would be a very good marketing tool. Such evaluation is a specialized activity that educators must undertake in order to assess and develop the learning experience that they are offering (Stronge & Helm, 1990). An outline is presented showing the required processes for the educational organization evaluation. The process provides guidelines for designing, implementing, assessing and improving the identified form of evaluation. Each of the steps aims to promote evaluations that are proper, useful, feasible, and accurate. The following steps could be undertaken in order to evaluate and analyze the Educational organization (Stufflebeam, 1999). The process could also be used to research and assess the effectiveness of the educational system which is used in an educational institution vital in the formulation of educational policies geared towards the realization of an empowered and globally competitive citizen. Goals for undertaking the evaluation should be clearly defined because these goals will significantly impact the shape of the organization’s efforts. Before the purpose could be fully identified, it is important to use information that is already available. Valuable information of a student can be obtained from the student’s classroom teacher, the cumulative file, and the parent regarding the learning problem.

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Research report - Essay Example Now-a-days, several organizations within the aerospace manufacturing industry are trying to select Singapore innovation hub for several favourable reasons. Being one of the leading aerospace manufacturing organizations, Rolls-Royce tried to focus on emerging South Asian markets in order to gain potential competitive advantages within this particular industry. The significant growth of the Asian market and effective business opportunities attracted the organizati0ons to develop its manufacturing hub in the emerging Asian Markets. Singapore is one state and one country. The government of Singapore is trying to influence the leading aerospace manufacturing organizations around the globe to invest within the country’s industry as this particular industry is playing a significant role in the economic development of country. The government as well as the policy makers are trying to limit the degree of external environmental challenges in order to attain positive economic growth rate in this particular period of global economic downturn. This essay will discuss about the challenges that are faced by Rolls-Royce in international supply chain management operation. In addition to this, this study will recommend some important facts and concepts that will help the management of the organization to mitigate the associated risks and improve its supply chain management performance in global market place. It is clear that Rolls-Royce has tried to implement several unique strategies in the business operation process in order to maintain its core competency in global market place. Rolls-Royce started to venture in the global aerospace business in the year 1990. Slowly and gradually, the organizations started to expand its business practices in global market places in order to increase its market share. However, it is true that that the organization capitalized several opportunities in the supply chain management processes

Metacognition knowledge and academic achievement of university students Essay Example for Free

Metacognition knowledge and academic achievement of university students Essay In general, metacognition is thinking about thinking. More specifically, Taylor (1999) defines metacognition as â€Å"an appreciation of what one already knows, together with a correct apprehension of the learning task and what knowledge and skills it requires, combined with the agility to make correct inferences about how to apply one’s strategic knowledge to a particular situation, and to do so efficiently and reliably. † The more students are aware of their thinking processes as they learn, the more they can control such matters as goals, dispositions, and attention. Self-awareness promotes self-regulation. If students are aware of how committed (or uncommitted) they are to reaching goals, of how strong (or weak) is their disposition to persist, and of how focused (or wandering) is their attention to a thinking or writing task, they can regulate their commitment, disposition, and attention. To increase their metacognitive abilities, students need to possess three kinds of content knowledge: declarative, procedural, and conditional. Declarative knowledge is the factual information that one knows; it can be declared—spoken or written. Procedural knowledge is knowledge of how to do something, of how to perform the steps in a process. Conditional knowledge is knowledge about when to use a procedure, skill, or strategy and when not to use it; why a procedure works and under what conditions; and why one procedure is better than another. Metacognition affects motivation because it affects attribution and self-efficacy. When students get results on tests and grades on assignments (especially unexpected results such as failures), they perform a mental causal search to explain to themselves why the results happened. When they achieve good results, students tend to attribute the result to two internal factors: their own ability and effort. When they fail, they might attribute the cause to these same internal factors or they might, in a self-protective rationalization, distance themselves from a sense of personal failure by blaming external causes, such as an overly difficult task, an instructor’s perverse testing habits, or bad luck. This tendency to attribute success to ability and effort promotes future success because it develops confidence in one’s ability to solve future unfamiliar and challenging tasks. The converse is also true. Attributing failure to a lack of ability reduces self-confidence and reduces the student’s summoning of intellectual and emotional abilities to the next challenging tasks; attribution theory also explains why such students will be unwilling to seek help from tutors and other support services: they believe it would not be worth their effort. In addition to blaming failure on external causes, underachievers often â€Å"self-handicap† themselves by deliberately putting little effort into an academic task; they thereby protect themselves from attributing their failure to a painful lack of ability by attributing their failure to lack of effort. The tasks that students need to perform vary not only among disciplines but among instructors in the same discipline. An effective strategy for preparing for a multiple choice test in biology is different from what is needed to prepare for a history exam with an essay that asks students to synthesize information from several chapters. Yet students often employ the same strategy—and sometimes the least effective strategy—for studying for very different kinds of tests. Furthermore, many students who perform badly misinterpret the tasks. Students need to understand the task accurately in order to use the most effective strategies. Research Question: The basic aim of the study was to identify the relationship between meta-cognitive knowledge and academic achievement of university students. Methods: To analysis and interpretation of data and Survey was planned to collect data from University of education (UE) and Govt. College University Lahore (GCU). Twenty five (25) students were collected of UE and Twenty five (25) students from GCU randomly. Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) was used to measure meta-cognitive knowledge. This inventory consisted of six components i. e. Planning, monitoring, evaluation, declarative knowledge, conditional knowledge and procedural knowledge but researcher selected three components i. e. declarative knowledge, conditional knowledge, and procedural knowledge. Responses were collected on three point scale i. e. Yes, no and to some extent. Scores of these components were used to compare Metacognitive knowledge of UE and GCU students. Analysis of data was presented in the form of Tables. Null hypothesis: There is no difference b/w the metacognition knowledge and academic achievement of students. Alternative hypothesis: There is difference b/w the metacognition knowledge and academic achievement of students. Ho: ? 1 = ? 2 Ha: ? 1 ? ?2 Table 1. 1 Comparison of mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Declarative Knowledge) by Independent samples t-test. University of Education (n=25) Govt. College University (n=25) t-value Mean SD Mean SD 6. 21 1. 63 6. 52 1. 23 .749 The result of independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). The value of t (48) = . 749 is not significant at ? =0. 05. This means that mean scores of UE students and means score of GCU students are not different on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). Fig 1. 1 Bar chart shows comparison of mean scores of UE students and means score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). Table 1. 2 Comparison of mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Conditional Knowledge) by Independent samples t-test. University of Education (n=25) Govt. College University (n=25) t-value Mean SD Mean SD 2. 98 .87 3. 10 1. 08 .430 Table 1. 2 shows the result of independent samples t-test. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Conditional Knowledge). The value of t (48) = . 430 is not significant at ? =0. 05. This means that mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students are not different on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Conditional Knowledge). Fig 1. 2 Bar chart shows comparison of mean scores of UE students and means score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). Table 1. 3 Comparison of mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive awareness (Procedural Knowledge) by Independent samples t-test. University of Education (n=25) Govt. College University (n=25) t-value Mean SD Mean SD 4. 16 1. 01 3. 76 1. 109 1. 328 Table 1. 3 shows the result of independent samples t-test. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Procedural Knowledge). The value of t (48) = 1. 328 is not significant at ? =0. 05. This means that means scores of UE students and means score of GCU students are same on component of Meta cognitive Knowledge (Procedural Knowledge). Fig 1. 3 Bar chart shows comparison of mean scores of UE students and means score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). Table 1. 4 Comparison of mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge by Independent samples t-test University of Education (n=25) Govt. College University (n=25) t-value Mean SD Mean SD 13. 38 2. 83 13. 30 2. 60 .104 Table 1. 4 shows the result of independent samples t-test. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive by Independent samples t-test. The value of t (48) = . 104 is not significant at ? =0. 05. This means that mean scores of UE students and mean score of GCU students are same on component of Meta cognitive by Independent samples t-test. Fig 1. 4 Bar chart shows comparison of mean scores of UE students and means score of GCU students on component of Meta cognitive knowledge (Declarative Knowledge). Table 1. 5 Comparison of mean scores of academic achievement and Meta cognitive knowledge of both universities student’s by Independent samples t-test UE GCU Low Achiever (n=25) High Achiever (n=25) t-value Mean SD Mean SD Declarative knowledge 5. 08 1. 49 7. 33 0. 78 4. 64 Procedural Knowledge 2. 46 0. 72 3. 46 0. 72 3. 48 Conditional Knowledge 3. 50 1. 07 4. 77 0. 44 4. 0 Meta-cognitive knowledge 11. 04 2. 18 15. 54 1. 09 6. 6 Table 1. 5 shows the result of independent samples t-test. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean scores of academic achievement and Meta cognitive knowledge of both universities student’s by Independent samples t-test. These results show that mean scores of Metacognitive knowledge and academic achievement of both universities student’s are different. Procedure: To fulfill the above mentioned purpose instrumentation, data collection methods and procedures for analysis of data were used. The study was descriptive in nature as it addressed the prevailing situation of using meta-cognitive knowledge in daily life by students. The target population for this study was the students of UE and GCU Lahore. The researcher selected sample by using convenient sampling technique from the students of UE and GCU Lahore. Fifteen items wee included in the questionnaire taken from meta-cognitive awareness inventory. After the selection of sample and development of the questionnaire, the questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire was administered personally by the respondent and filled questionnaire collected back. The return rate of the questionnaire was 100% due to personal administration. To analyze the data means standard deviations, independent sample t. test, was calculated. Results: 1. The mean score of Meta-cognitive knowledge (declarative knowledge) of University of Education are same from mean score of Govt. College University. Because the value of t is not significant at ? =0. 05. 2. The mean score of Meta-cognitive knowledge (conditional knowledge) of University of Education are same from mean score of Govt. College University. Because the value of t is not significant at ? =0. 05. 3. The mean score of Meta-cognitive knowledge (procedural knowledge) of (UE) are same from mean score of (GCU) because the value of t is not significant at ? =0. 05. 4. The mean score of Meta cognitive Knowledge and mean score of academic achievement are different among both universities. Because the value of t is significant at ? =0. 05.

Ways To Overcome Plagiarism

Ways To Overcome Plagiarism As we know, plagiarism has becoming part of life among colledge student. They cannot live without doing plagiarism because of it is easy way for them to do their assingment. Almost al the fresh graduate nowdays is not in high quality because of their plagiarism while their studying. They doenst really understand what they been studied and this will affected when they started to work. Their perfomance are poor because of no experiences and understanding while studying. Employers will complaints and not satiesfied of their work and this will increasing the number of unemployed people. However, there are many ways have been found to solve this plagiarized problem. For example colledge have reacted to this situation with writing rule which is student convicted of plagiarism will go through application to graduate school,job application later with one word clear that is plagiarised. There also have been created a program that can detected that the report or work is a plagiarized or not. This program are known as Turnitin that can detect that the report is a plagiarized or not. This program work to identify the passage or paragraph and it will tell you where it have been found. With this report I have been listed what is plagiarism and plagiarism that happen among student. I also suggested some ways that we can used in order to overcome this problem. SIX HATS WHITE HAT (INFORMATION, FACTS) Professor Amrin got a complaint from the industry about a percentage of gardutes from EITM does not perform well in their work. After he got the complaint, Professor Amrin had do a random check on their previous work. From the result he found that, the majority of studentd got the element of plagiarism because from their works had some same point. In this case, professor amrin expected that its will be give impact to the whole process being a genuine graduates. From that case, he found that plagiarism have many type. Some types of plagiarism is: Total / partial copying When you submit an assigment, report or project that you have copied totally or partially from a website, a friends work, or some other sources without acknowledgement, this is plagiarism besause: You did not do any original research or writing. The work is created by someone else and yet you put your name on it. If you were to change a few words or substitute some words / phrases in the original text with your own, you would still be plagiarizing. Plagiarized text with word changes. Qualitative research is an approach to research methodology in social sciences. Qualitative research involves a deep understanding of human behaviour and the reason that control human. It relies on reasons behind various aspects of behaviour. Cut and paste Another type of plagiarism involves copying large chunks of text from one or more original sources and inserting them into the assignment. For example, suppose you are doing the above assignment on Qualitative Research and you include a few sentences from the wikipedia website. Unless you present the sentences as a quote with full citation, you are committing plagiarism. Inappropriate paraphrase A more subtle type of plagiarism is the Inappropriate Paraphase. In this form of plagiarism, the quoted text is: Altered only slightly from the original and no acknowledgement of the original author is given. Extensively paraphrased but with acknowledgement of the original author. GREEN HAT (CREATIVITY,NEW IDEAS,SUGGESTION) Professor Amrin suggest and generate new ideas. The ideas include what to do and what not to do. Quotation A quotation is a word for word presentation of what is said or written in someone elses work. Its presented by using quotation mark (.). The sourceof the quote must be cited in the text and reference list. Sometimes quotation referred to as a Direct Quote. What To Do: Quote only when necessary the quoted part should only be supplementary to your own work. Copy the sentence(s) exactly the same as the original. Emti is committed to the fight against plagiarism. Use quotation marks () At the beginning and the end of the quote (for a long quote, use an indented block set off from the main text. Identify every source of the quote; write its author, title of article / journal / book, volume number, year and place of publication, publisher, page number, website address, etc. What Not To Do: Substituting just a few words in the original text and passing it off as your own also borrowing large portions of the original work. Manage your time If you have to meet a deadline, start work early. So you have plenty of time to research and write. Lack of time is one reason many people, especially stressed-out students, intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize. Paraphase A paraphase is a restatement of what someone else wrote or said (in your own words). What To Do: Use you own words. Your paraphased text can be shorter oe longer than the source. The source of the paraphase must be cited in the text and reference list. What Not To Do: Use the original words, phases and expression. There than that omit details of the original source. The third way, lose the original sense of the source and replace only a few words in the original. Then rearrange the order of words or sentences. Reference List / Bibliography At the end of your work, you need to acknowledge the information that you have referred in your text by providing a list of all your sources. This reference list or bibliography should be based on whichever particular style your faculty uses. Once you are familiar with the references style, you need to note that all references in the references list must be cited in the text and the site of the references must be include in the reference list. Therefore it should start with a new page. The title of the list should be Reference / Bibliography, centre at the top of the page and the references are listed in alphabetical order by authors surname, while the reference list should be double spaced with a hanging indent for the second and subsequent lines. RED HAT (FEELING, EMOTION) Professor Amrin related his emotion and feelings on plagiarism. In this case, he feel scared about the technology because rampant plagiarism and it make very afraid what could happen. He as a professor and also as a Head of the Undergraduate Thesis Evaluation Committee feel frustrated over plagiarism. This is because that they fear they are missing a change to teach student. He also felt anger and betrayal at student who turned in work that wasnt original. YELLOW HAT (BENEFITS, SUNSHINE, POSITIVE) From the view, Professor Amrin find that the plagiarism also have some benefits. There is : Energy saving copy and paste uses far fewer resources than does thinking your own way around any subject. Time saving its quite obviously, time not spent doing your own research and your own thinking, it also can be spend in other and more worthwhile pursuits. Meanwhile in finding other people to steal from for instance. Esteem of colleagues what writer could help but admire a person who can meet the assignment deadlines with efficiency. Evolution the plagiarist will, after all and be teaching his/her children that it is perfectly acceptable to misuse the property of another, especially if you can do it without having go through pesky details such as permission. Surely the advantage to the body politic of that childs adulthood is self evident. BLACK HAT (JUDGEMENT, BAD POINT) Professor Amrin give penalties for plagiarism. He think plagiarism is a very serious academic offence, and can result in serious consequences for you as a student including: A fail grade for your work (assignment, project thesis, course). Suspension of one semester or one academic session. Expulsion from the university. Withdrawal of your degree. BLUE HAT (THINKING ABOUT THINKING, NEXT STEP) Summary A summary is a shortened version of the original source without changing the meaning. Students have clearly identify the main points and leaves out details and examples also the source of the summary must be cited. They must not to change the original meaning of the text. Citation A citation is an identification of the source of a quote, paraphrase or summary. Academic and professional writing requires a full citation that there are in text, in a bibliography at the end of the text and includes author and title of article / journal / book, volume number, year and place of publication / publisher, page number, website address and etc. Discussion College plagiarism seems to be on the increase. So we round up and decry the usual suspects. The rise of the internet and the decline of student writing. To be sure, there are term papers for sale on the internet and the vary process of surfing the web encourages looseness in borrowing and surely fewer student seem to master the art of sustained research and argument in long papers these days. Each semester a term paper time a few of the colleagues invariably seek computer help for diagnosing and tracing suspected instances of plagiarism. By then it is almost too late. For many teacher or lecture the labor of proving suspected plagiarism is a formidable obstacle to face at the end of the semester. If the plagiarism is to be combated, it must be done regularly throughout the semester and not just at the end. SCAMPER SUBTITUTE You can change the sentence of the article or journal, but it is still plagiarism. You need to do more research to get more idea and information for your summary or its more better if you use your own word and idea. Each time you choose your words, order you thoughts and convey your idea, you can improve your writing. Practise make perfect. COMBINE You may combine the new idea and more information from your friends or lecturer during discussion to your summary or thesis. One solution has many weakness but combination of many solution may overcome the weakness. It will give your summary and the thesis much stronger to avoid the plagiarism. ADAPT You cannot copy the other person idea to make it for our assignment. If the own writer know that you copy their journal, the writer can sue you in the court. You need to create by own self with elaborate that word or use more journal to classified your jounal as one jounal. MAGNIFY Now a days, people are more brilliant to make plagiarism like sham paraphrasing, illicit paraphrasing, verbatim copying, recycling, ghost writing and purloining. But we cant do it like that because it stills same we copyright someone work. It is still plagiarism. PUT TO OTHER USE You can use your current idea to the markets and industries if your idea is still not plagiarism. We need to be more creative to discover and think the new thing or method.People always measure your originality of your work and appreciate the originality that you do it than you just copy from someone else. ELIMINATE You need to read a lot of the journal or article and make your own summary that you understand from your reading. You also have do some research to more understand what you want to simplify from the article. REVERSE It is still plagiarism if you do that way even you change their word. To avoid the plagiarism, the better way that you need to do is just thinking the new idea even your idea is not much, at least you already try it. REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Historical_Association http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_what_is_plagiarism.html http://kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/school/plagiarism.html http://ezinearticles.com/?7-Tips-to-Overcome-Plagiarism-in-Your-Essaysid=1401495 http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic24b.htm http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-can-you-prevent-plagiarism.html Aziz Yahya, Aida Nasirah Abdullah, Hazmillah Hassan, Raja Roslan Raja Abd Dahman, Critical and Creative Thingking Skills.

Essay on the Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

The Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew The play, Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s comedies. It portrays the humorous events regarding the suiting of Kate, a shrew dwelling in the city of Padua. It portrays many ideas about love and marriage that do not quite fit with our current views and what we know about relationships. It can be argued that the comedy of the play makes it universal, but it contains some themes that will not be received in the same light as they were during Shakespeare’s time. The comedy is still mostly universal. The visual comedy in the play, like Kate falling off of her horse into the mud, is still universally appealing. The comedy of actions is also equally universal. For example, Petruchio’s actions would be just as humorous now as they were in Shakespeare’s day. But, the situations that erupt from his actions are sometimes questionable in whether they are humorous or if they border into off-color disrespect for Kate, or females in general. The majority of the play is universal, but I feel the major themes the play puts forth are a little outdated and lacking of respect. The major theme is portrayed by the attitude towards marriage shown in Petruchio and Kate’s relationship. First the relationship was started entirely against the wife’s will, and for the fiscal benefit of the husband, with no intent of love involved. This is especially shown when Kate walks onto the roof of her father's house. The first thing that Petruchio does is states his worries about loosing not Kate, but his "20 thousand crowns," that he was promised if he wed Kate. Petruchio used his wife only as a stepping block, and later after "taming" her, used her as a status symbol. His method of "taming" her was suppressive, and locked her into a position she did not willingly want to be in. After she was tamed, she stopped speaking of her feelings and misgivings honestly, and suppressed them. In a relationship, the second most important thing is to be able to openly share and reveal your feelings, which is not what the play of this play shows. In the play, Kate is forced to suppress her feelings just to get food, or to be able to visit her friends and family. Petruchio "tames" Kate by rewarding her for being obedient, and punishing her when she disagrees with him. Essay on the Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays The Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew The play, Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s comedies. It portrays the humorous events regarding the suiting of Kate, a shrew dwelling in the city of Padua. It portrays many ideas about love and marriage that do not quite fit with our current views and what we know about relationships. It can be argued that the comedy of the play makes it universal, but it contains some themes that will not be received in the same light as they were during Shakespeare’s time. The comedy is still mostly universal. The visual comedy in the play, like Kate falling off of her horse into the mud, is still universally appealing. The comedy of actions is also equally universal. For example, Petruchio’s actions would be just as humorous now as they were in Shakespeare’s day. But, the situations that erupt from his actions are sometimes questionable in whether they are humorous or if they border into off-color disrespect for Kate, or females in general. The majority of the play is universal, but I feel the major themes the play puts forth are a little outdated and lacking of respect. The major theme is portrayed by the attitude towards marriage shown in Petruchio and Kate’s relationship. First the relationship was started entirely against the wife’s will, and for the fiscal benefit of the husband, with no intent of love involved. This is especially shown when Kate walks onto the roof of her father's house. The first thing that Petruchio does is states his worries about loosing not Kate, but his "20 thousand crowns," that he was promised if he wed Kate. Petruchio used his wife only as a stepping block, and later after "taming" her, used her as a status symbol. His method of "taming" her was suppressive, and locked her into a position she did not willingly want to be in. After she was tamed, she stopped speaking of her feelings and misgivings honestly, and suppressed them. In a relationship, the second most important thing is to be able to openly share and reveal your feelings, which is not what the play of this play shows. In the play, Kate is forced to suppress her feelings just to get food, or to be able to visit her friends and family. Petruchio "tames" Kate by rewarding her for being obedient, and punishing her when she disagrees with him.

Dandelion Wine Essay -- essays research papers

Dandelion Wine Dandelion wine was a story about a twelve-year old boy named, Douglas Spaulding. Douglas was just a typical twelve year old boy, who lived to play, run around and do what any other twelve year old would do. Not a very physically fit person, but it didn't really seem to matter. He was a person who got what he wanted, not by whining for it, but by keeping his mind on whatever he wanted and setting out a goal for it. He was a happy boy and not many problems, till now, and he had a younger brother named Tom. Tom Spaulding, age ten, did what other little brothers like to do, tag along with his older brother. He was never in the way of his older brother, in fact they liked being together. Tom took every day slowly, writing most everything down, the first day of summer, the firs...

Total Project Control: a Manager’s Guide to Integrated Project Planning, Measuring, and Tracking

3/11/04 Total Project Control: A Manager's Guide to Integrated Project Planning, Measuring, and Tracking By Stephen A. Devaux, published by John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1999 (A book review by R. Max Wideman) Introduction Stephen Devaux published this book in 1999. In it, Stephen attempts to establish a common metric, quantitative data and analysis, by which the project can not only be managed, but also compared to every other project conducted by the organization. In his Preface, Stephen observes: 1 â€Å"The head of a construction company erecting a downtown skyscraper, the pharmacologist overseeing clinical trials for a new drug, the account manager supervising the development of a database for a Fortune 100 client – all three are engaged in project management. Yet chances are that the things they do are very different. . . . But out side of the work itself, all these projects actually have a great deal in common. †¢ Each has a schedule . . . †¢ Each has resources . . . †¢ Each has a budget . . . †¢ Each is going to run into unforeseen circumstances . . Most important of all, each has a scope of work to be accomplished. [But] traditional project management [methodologies] are unable to deal with work scope in an acceptable quantifiable manner. As a result, traditional project management â€Å"factors out† work scope from the management process by assuming it to be a â€Å"prerequisite† to the process . The traditional approach is: â€Å"Once you determine your work scope, we can provide you with a multitude of quantitative techniques for planning, scheduling, resource budgeting, and tracking your project. All of these techniques are based on a defined and constant work scope. †¦ However, the work itself is never quantified in a way that can support decision making. . . Other than saying that â€Å"Scope definition is important,† modern project management is silent. † As many of us have experienced, for example in software development, project scope can in fact be highly variable. Since the book was written, there has been an exponential increase in these types of projects giving rise to interest in project portfolio management. So, there is clearly a need for a common metric upon which acceptance or rejection of competing projects can be based. This is true whether the projects are contemplated or on going, and extends to decisions on changes to their respective work scopes. As Stephen observes:2 Precisely because work scope varies greatly from project to project, and even over time, within a single project, the ability to manage that changing work scope is vital: †¢ To ensure a satisfactory level of quality for acceptable cost. AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  ©2004 Email: [email  protected] ca Total Project Control Page 2 of 7 †¢ †¢ †¢ To select the best elements of scope to cut when forced to do so in order to meet schedule and/or budgetary requirements. To increase scope where the project's return on investment (ROI) can be enhanced by the additional deliverables(s) To determine which of many possible project work scopes should be undertaken as part of the multi-project portfolio. In his book, Stephen introduces a number of metrics with catchy names to support his â€Å"theories†. We'll describe some of these in our next section. Book Structure Total Project Control, referred to throughout as â€Å"TPC†, consists of eleven chapters as follows: 1. The Nature of a Project 2. An Overview of TPC Planning 3. An Overview of Planning the Work 4. Planning the Work Scope 5. Developing the Work Breakdown Structure 6. Scheduling I: The Critical Path Method (CPM) 7. Scheduling II: The Precedence Diagram method (PDM) 8. Activity-Based Resource Assignments 9. Resource Scheduling and Leveling 10. Tracking and controlling the Project 11. Conclusion Stephen just loves acronyms. His first â€Å"new metric, the â€Å"DIPP†, which he claims is fundamental to TPC3 is first mentioned in chapter 1. However, it is not explained until chapter 2, and even then only after introducing the â€Å"CLUB†, Cost of Leveling with Unresolved Bottlenecks, and â€Å"AIM FIRE† his acronym for the management cycle of Aware, Isolate, Measure, Forecast, Investigate, Review and Execute. So, what does DIPP stand for? We had to search the index to find out and guess what – it stands for Devaux's Index of Project Performance! DIPP has a formu la which is EMV (expected monetary value of the project, as of the current completion date) divided by ETC (estimated cost to complete the project. Chapter 2 also mentions Stephen's VBS (value breakdown structure)5 but it is not until chapter 5 that we learn that it is a TPC concept that brings the scope/cost/schedule triangle of value analysis down to the micro-project or activity level. 6 Chapter 5 introduces another concept, the DRAG (Devaux's Removed Activity Gauge) that is the quantification of the amount of time each activity is adding to the project. It is the opposite of total float, and like total float, since it only exists on the critical path activities, it is the amount of time an activity can be shortened before it has a DRAG of zero and another path becomes critical. A good explanation of its use is given in chapter 7. A metric for the resource elasticity of an activity, called DRED, again is mentioned in chapter 6, but is explained in chapter 7. It turns out it stand s for Doubled Resource Estimated Duration and is an estimate of how long it would take if the rate of resource usage anticipated in estimating its duration were to be AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  protected] ca Total Project Control Page 3 of 7 doubled. Consequently it is an index of resource elasticity. But perhaps the high point is another acronym called RAD that appears in chapter 9. Chapter 9 is a discussion of the parameters surrounding resource scheduling, leveling and availability, both on and off the critical path, and the calculation of DRAG. Stephen explains that there are three different causes of DRAG:9 1. Delay due to the logic of the work, i. e. CPM schedule DRAG, 2. Delay due to other ancestor activities, which unavoidably push out the schedule of the successor, and 3. Delay due to the specific activity having to wait for resources, which we will call resource availability DRAG or RAD. So there you have the definition of RAD. In practice, RAD itself has mathematical constraints and the calculation is complex, requiring computer software. Stephen provides the formula and explanation, but you can skip this section if you wish. The point is, this metric is typically not calculated, so the real impact of unavailable or over stretched resources on projects as a whole is unknown to the organization and hence not accounted for when it comes to assessing project failures. What we liked This may ound like fun stuff with acronyms, but behind it all is the serious issue of â€Å"How can any investment decision be made, on a quantified basis, unless there is at least some sense of what value awaits a successful outcome? â€Å"10 Indeed, Stephen might have added â€Å"or even what constitutes a quantified successful outcome? † Later, Stephen answers his own question by observing â€Å"There are thousands of corporate organizations that depend on projects for more than 90 percent of their revenues. Yet, other than intuitively, they have no way of tying the projects they do to their profits. 11 Even under traditional project management, an absolute minimum data for each project in a portfolio should be the expected monetary value, the current completion date, and the cost estimate to complete. 12 Actually, having worked for respectable real estate development companies, we can state that these concepts are well known to them. However, having also worked with software development organizations, it appears that these metrics are not only rare but tend to be foreign to proponents of the latest forms of software development project management. Under Stephen's TPC approach, the data required is even more profound. In a portfolio of projects, it should consist of:13 †¢ Project Name †¢ Expected Monetary Value †¢ As of (i. e. Current reporting date) †¢ Current Completion Date †¢ Loss per Week Late (%) †¢ Gain per Week Early (%) †¢ New Expected Value †¢ Cost Estimate to Complete †¢ Simple DIPP Note the addition of the time value of being ahead or behind schedule, not in terms of project overhead AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  protected] ca Total Project Control Page 4 of 7 costs but in terms of gain or loss in value of the product to the organization. Stephen provides many examples of his approach, although not all calculations are explicit. Stephen wades into the assembly of work breakdown structures, and CPM scheduling to illustrate his theories. On the question of how do you plan the work scope, he suggests: 14 â€Å"Each type of project is different, and each project is different. It is therefore difficult to set hard-and-fast rules for assembling scope documents. The best idea I have found is to †¢ Start with the benefits you want to achieve, †¢ Incorporate them into a business plan, †¢ Then move as rapidly as possible to a concrete image of the thing that will provide those benefits. † This is sound advice [The bullets are mine, by the way. On the matter of estimating, Stephen offers more sound advice:15 The person who is going to be responsible for the work should be the one who generates the estimates. This is probably the most important contributor to accurate estimates. The reasons for this are: 1. This person will be a subject matter expert, trained in the discipline necessary for the par ticular work. 2. This person is the only one who will know precisely how he or she plans to do the work. 3. He or she will usually have a vested interest in meeting his own commitment, and establishing the reliability of his or her own estimates. Unfortunately, the practicality in many cases is that, (a) the contributors don't know how to estimate, (b) they don't want to estimate, and (c) if they are really busy, they don't have the time to estimate. Still, it does suggest that estimating ought to be a part of production skills. Downside Under Scope/Cost/Schedule Integration, Stephen observes: 16 â€Å"Work scope is the foundation on which the whole project rests. It is the reason for doing the project – to obtain the value that will accrue from the work . . . Once we recognize this, two things come into clearer focus: 1. Quantifying scope is important. It is directly related to profitably. In a project-driven company, if you haven't quantified project scope, you cannot accurately estimate, or work to increase, profit 2. The metric used to quantify scope is the dollar. To be precise, the expected dollar that measures the value that the project is undertaken to generate. † But Stephen skates round the issue of how you arrive at this expected value by stating â€Å"Now, how one goes about estimating the value of a project is a topic of its own, beyond the scope of this book. 17 Unfortunately, that means the whole premise of his book rests on an undefined EMV parameter – which itself is changing due to external influences. Stephen's thesis, and consequent metrics, relies on a tacit assumption. This is that you have projects where the activities can all be identified, their resource requirements established and the time and cost of AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  prote cted] ca Total Project Control Page 5 of 7 each reasonably accurately estimated. And further, that those resources are sufficiently flexible that schedule changes can be accommodated. On most projects, this is unreasonable, and for projects in the early part of their life span, this is patently impossible. Some of the metrics may be open to question. For example, Glen Alleman, VP, Program Management Office at CH2M HILL has commented on the DIPP formula (i. e. EMV divided by ETC), as follows:18 â€Å"There are several issues with the DIPP equation. 1. The denominator creates a â€Å"divide by zero† error as the project reaches the end and the estimate to complete approaches zero. This is poor behavior of a performance indicator not a ratio of two values drawn from the same time sample. . The indicator has nonlinear behavior over its life cycle. 3. The ETC value in the equation needs to be the sum of multiple estimates to complete, since EMV is the sum of all possible outcomes. The equation's ETC is a point value with no index i to correlate with EMV's sum across the indices of possible outcomes. The primary issue here is that DIPP does not include the sunk costs of the project. â€Å"Devaux states these are not necessary for the assessment of completion decisions. In fact the estimate to complete is based on the previous performance. The ‘performance factor for remaining work' is most often derived from the performance of the previous work. Past is a predictor of the future. The sunk costs are accruals and burden the net profit of the project. Ignoring sunk costs is not only poor financial management it is poor project management as well. The sunk costs must be paid by â€Å"someone. † The project manager must consider whom and how much is to be paid in assessing future decisions for the project. Ignoring these is like driving in the rear view mirror. It can be done, but not recommended. † We may not agree entirely with Glen's assessment, but the point is well taken. Another bone of contention is about reserves. Stephen cites the example of catching a plane under a plan based on median time estimates. Such a plan would probably mean that we would miss the plane 50% of the time. Clearly this is unacceptable so we must add contingency time. Stephen then says this is sometimes called â€Å"management reserve† and19 â€Å"There is an important difference between management reserve and padding. Management reserve is always added either at the end of the project, or immediately before a major milestone. It belongs to the project manager and the entire project. We agree with the intent but not the definitions. In our view, â€Å"Contingency† should provide for variances in durations and belongs to the project manager. â€Å"Management Reserve†, as the name implies, should belong to management for possible changes in scope (like picking up a coffee and donut at the airport), and â€Å"Padding† is a political issue and should be a no, no. Still, where workers are required to work on several projects concurrently, may be it is necessary to cover loss of productivity because as Stephen says: â€Å"Such multitasking is one of the great time wasters of corporate projects. 20 But here's a thought. If we are in DRED of missing that plane we just talked about, how much safer would we be if we doubled our resources and had two people running to catch that plane? AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  protected] ca Total Project Control Page 6 of 7 Summary It is time that project management practitioners started a serious dialogue on the subject of managing scope as one of the variables, and perhaps the key variable, in project management. Ask not what is the cost of this project, or change, and can we afford it? Ask instead, what is the value to the organization of this project, or change, is it worth it and how does it stack up against our other options? Some may argue that a dollar value metric is not pertinent to their particular type of project, but whichever way you look at it, money is the only common vehicle for comparison between projects in a portfolio. Stephen sums up his position at the end of chapter 1 by observing:21 †¢ The purpose of a project is not to be short or inexpensive, but to make a profit. It should be managed in such a way as to maximize that profit. All the work, and all aspects of the project that impact its profit should be analyzed together, in an integrated way that shows the effect of the various alternatives on the project profit. †¢ Each project that is managed in a context with other projects should be analyzed in an integrated way that shows the effects of each (ostensibly internal) project decision on all other projects, and, specifically, on the multi-project profit. †¢ Insofar as projects are managed without regard to profit, bad (profit-reducing) decisions will be made, both randomly and systematically, throughout the organization. Stephen's book was first published five years ago. In our experience it takes about that long for new ideas to sink into the collective psyche of the project management populace. So, we share Stephen's view. It is time that project sponsors and the creators of the enterprise planning software they use (if any) figure out how to incorporate these variable scope and value concepts, and apply them to their projects. Then, perhaps, we will be in a better position to demonstrate that the traditional definition of project success of being â€Å"On time and within budget† is short term and very narrowly focused. We think that Stephen Devaux's book makes a valuable contribution to the discussion of project and portfolio management, planning and tracking. However, some things have changed in the last five years, or are better understood, so we sincerely hope that Stephen will consider updating and reissuing his book â€Å"Total Project Control†. If he does, we hope he will also add a glossary. R. Max Wideman Fellow, PMI 1 2 Devaux, S. A. , Total Project Control, Wiley, NY, 1999, p xvii Ibid. p xix 3 Ibid. p22 4 Ibid. p7 5 Ibid. p32 6 Ibid. p93 7 Ibid. 139 AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  protected] ca Total Project Control Page 7 of 7 8 9 Ibid. p184 Ibid. p257 10 Ibid. p xix 11 Ibid. p8 12 Ibid. p9 13 Ibid. p12 14 Ibid. p63 15 Ibid. p105 16 Ibid. p30 17 Ibid. p31 18 Alleman, G. , The DIPP Formula Control Flag, An Assessment of the DIPP Indicator, Viewpoints, Project Management World Today, November-December 2003, http://www. pmforum. org/pmwt03/viewpoints03-11. htm 19 Devaux, S. A. , Total Project Control, Wiley, NY, 1999, p113 20 Ibid. p114 21 Ibid. p14 AEW Services, Vancouver, BC  © 2004 Email: [email  protected] ca

Human Relations and Scientific Management

Ha Chi K50BF During the period of the nineteen and twenty century, the world industry had reshaped itself with the new present of technology and information transfer in new manner. In the complex situation of the economy, F. W Taylor(1856-1917), published his principles in managing which was called Scientific Management and had been popular as the core managing style for various business models up to now.Scientific Management focuses on logical task provision and maximising productivity based on task performance. A few years after Taylor' death, Elton Mayo(1880-1949) made a significant movement in managing perception rooted in Hawthorne ‘s experiences at an electric company. The new perception quoted that managing an organisation was not only maximising productivity, it was also about satisfy organisation internal people ‘s needs. By this way or another, there are gain and loss, which will be clarified hereafter.To begin with gain by each approach, Scientific in particula r, providing logical principles in working processes in a manner of analysing discrete tasks, finding one best way in practise, choosing suitable people respectively to accomplish the tasks. By this way, clear tasks were for clear individuals which helps increasing productivity by assigning right people for the right jobs, avoiding responsibility denying and easier in measuring work performance.Scientific Management was the orthodox foundation in modern business management models. Later revolution in managing had relied on its principles up to now. Besides that, Human relations Approach did have pretty different in perception. It had pointed out the important in human behaviour at work and the development of management thinking. In this case, managers behaviour was a vital aspect of motivation and improved performance.Furthermore, maintaining good relation among group of people, sharing feelings with staffs emphasised on the needs of social organization and generating working motiva tion as well as creating somehow group values and norm. The importance of organization has been pushed up to a high level that had never mentioned in other Human relations perception. Continuing with the bad sides of both approaches, Scientific Management Approach had ignored the interaction among organisations. Although it motivated employees by monetary reward, it refused to sympathy to employees' concerns and feelings.As a result, works became a routine and boring, workers were treated as manufacturing machines, they were made light of dignity then they gradually losing interest in work. In addition, training process was kind of waste money. It was pointed out that, one in eight trainees was capable to job requirements( porter job). In recent practise, Human Relation Approach are popular in any industries, people choosing a job is not only for high salary, but also appreciate to good working environment, extra incentives and social needs from organisations.Nowadays, Scientific Ma nagement is still relevant to some extent such as work assignments, salary based performance( in hospitality job). Overall, there are different points in this two conceptions. However, Human relations Approach is seemed that more innovate and practical method in business management. The managers decide to use which method or even combination need to consider further factors such as major, economy and so on to establish a good strategy. Case study DELL

BHS 328 B.S. Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 4 CSA) Essay

BHS 328 B.S. Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 4 CSA) - Essay Example Therefore, effective communication is the key to successful teambuilding (Howard, 1961). Virtual teams are the ones, most prone to become the victim of the barriers of communication, as they hardly communicate face to face which is usually considered the best to pass your message across. a) In virtual teams, there are hardly any meetings that take place and in this case, the correspondence solely took place through emails. They met twice a week; however, most of their communication occurred over the internet. Over the past months, the communication between the four members of the team has significantly depreciated. They has been confusion in the air, the members don't feel comfortable working around with the other members of the team. They don't trust each other anymore possibly because of certain events and lack of interest on the part of some members. However, this situation is worsening. They have started accusing each other over laziness and the tone has become increasingly intimidating and the environment unfriendly. There is evidence that suggests that the attitudes of the team members towards each other are not suitable for better communication between them anymore. There might be various reasons that have introduced this air of uncertainty, distrust and unfriendliness among the group members. One might be that they must not have been able to convince their ideas through writings on the email. Sometimes, expression is required verbally in order to get your idea across. Secondly, the mood in which the two people communicating is not clear because there is no proximity and visual exposure between the two. This can adversely affect the idea that is communicated across. The reason for this is that non-verbal cues are considered equally important to get the right idea across (Harry 2001). The distance might have also triggered expectations from the other members to work more. When you are not meeting regularly to accomplish a certain task, you tend to procrastinate and delay the work. This habit might have triggered the accusations of laziness on the part of the workers. Muddled messages can also be termed as a barrier to effective communication in this case. The people working together through emails might not be able to get their idea across in the right aspect. There is hardly any listening that is taking place in this kind of virtual team. They hardly meet to discuss their ideas together; therefore, a very important aspect of effective communication, degree of listening for understanding, is nullified here. b) According to Kepner and Trogue, Problem solving and decision making are two different developments that require different actions. Problem solving is basically rectifying an error or blunder that has occurred and therefore, is a very important process that the managers have to look into. Decision making is another kind of process that is an activity related to the actions that are expected to happen in the future. Problem solving is something that needs to follow a proper process. It is very important to diagnose the right kind of problem, because if you incorrectly diagnose the problem, it can lead to the birth of other major difficulties (Harry, 2001). Therefore, one needs to follow each and every step in the right spirit to effectively diagnose the problem. The first thing that is needed to be done in this case is to clearly define the